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HPH Series
Isolated, Low V OUT to 70A, Half-Brick DC/DC Converters
TECHNICAL NOTES
Input Fusing
Certain applications and/or safety agencies may require fuses at the inputs of
power conversion components. Fuses should also be used when there is the
possibility of sustained input voltage reversal which is not current-limited. For
greatest safety, we recommend a fast blow fuse installed in the ungrounded
input supply line.
The installer must observe all relevant safety standards and regulations. For
safety agency approvals, install the converter in compliance with the end-user
safety standard.
Input Reverse-Polarity Protection
If the input voltage polarity is reversed, an internal diode will become forward
biased and likely draw excessive current from the power source. If this source
is not current-limited or the circuit appropriately fused, it could cause perma-
nent damage to the converter.
Input Under-Voltage Shutdown and Start-Up Threshold
Under normal start-up conditions, converters will not begin to regulate properly
until the ramping-up input voltage exceeds and remains at the Start-Up
Threshold Voltage (see Speci?cations). Once operating, converters will not
turn off until the input voltage drops below the Under-Voltage Shutdown Limit.
Subsequent restart will not occur until the input voltage rises again above the
Start-Up Threshold. This built-in hysteresis prevents any unstable on/off opera-
tion at a single input voltage.
performance is improved by adding external ?lter components. Sometimes only
a small ceramic capacitor is suf?cient. Since it is dif?cult to totally characterize
all applications, some experimentation may be needed. Note that external input
capacitors must accept high speed switching currents.
Because of the switching nature of DC/DC converters, the input of these
converters must be driven from a source with both low AC impedance and
adequate DC input regulation. Performance will degrade with increasing input
inductance. Excessive input inductance may inhibit operation. The DC input
regulation speci?es that the input voltage, once operating, must never degrade
below the Shut-Down Threshold under all load conditions. Be sure to use
adequate trace sizes and mount components close to the converter.
I/O Filtering, Input Ripple Current and Output Noise
All models in this converter series are tested and speci?ed for input re?ected
ripple current and output noise using designated external input/output compo-
nents, circuits and layout as shown in the ?gures below. External input capacitors
(Cin in the ?gure) serve primarily as energy storage elements, minimizing line
voltage variations caused by transient IR drops in the input conductors. Users
should select input capacitors for bulk capacitance (at appropriate frequen-
cies), low ESR and high RMS ripple current ratings. In the ?gure below, the Cbus
and Lbus components simulate a typical DC voltage bus. Your speci?c system
con?guration may require additional considerations. Please note that the values
of Cin, Lbus and Cbus will vary according to the speci?c converter model.
In critical applications, output ripple and noise (also referred to as periodic and
Users should be aware however of input sources near the Under-Voltage Shut-
down whose voltage decays as input current is consumed (such as capacitor
TO
OSCILLOSCOPE
CURRENT
inputs), the converter shuts off and then restarts as the external capacitor
recharges. Such situations could oscillate. To prevent this, make sure the oper-
ating input voltage is well above the UV Shutdown voltage AT ALL TIMES.
+
L BUS
PROBE
+VIN
Start-Up Time
Assuming that the output current is set at the rated maximum, the Vin to Vout
V IN
–
+
–
C BUS
C IN
Start-Up Time (see Speci?cations) is the time interval between the point when
the ramping input voltage crosses the Start-Up Threshold and the fully loaded
regulated output voltage enters and remains within its speci?ed accuracy band.
Actual measured times will vary with input source impedance, external input
capacitance, input voltage slew rate and ?nal value of the input voltage as it
appears at the converter.
These converters include a soft start circuit to moderate the duty cycle of its
PWM controller at power up, thereby limiting the input inrush current.
The On/Off Remote Control interval from On command to Vout regulated as-
sumes that the converter already has its input voltage stabilized above the
Start-Up Threshold before the On command. The interval is measured from the
On command until the output enters and remains within its speci?ed accuracy
band. The speci?cation assumes that the output is fully loaded at maximum
rated current. Similar conditions apply to the On to Vout regulated speci?cation
such as external load capacitance and soft start circuitry.
– VIN
C IN = 33μF, ESR < 700mΩ @ 100kHz
C BUS = 220μF, ESR < 100mΩ @ 100kHz
L BUS = 12μH
Figure 2. Measuring Input Ripple Current
random deviations or PARD) may be reduced by adding ?lter elements such
as multiple external capacitors. Be sure to calculate component temperature
rise from re?ected AC current dissipated inside capacitor ESR. Our Application
Engineers can recommend potential solutions.
In ?gure 3, the two copper strips simulate real-world printed circuit impedanc-
es between the power supply and its load. In order to minimize circuit errors
and standardize tests between units, scope measurements should be made
using BNC connectors or the probe ground should not exceed one half inch and
soldered directly to the ?xture.
Input Source Impedance
These converters will operate to speci?cations without external components,
assuming that the source voltage has very low impedance and reasonable in-
put voltage regulation. Since real-world voltage sources have ?nite impedance,
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